Maria Mitchell (1818-1889)
Women computers at the Harvard College Observatory.
Annie Jump Cannon (1863-1941) classified 350,000 stellar spectra on her OBAFGKM system.
Henrietta Swan Leavitt (1868-1921) discovered Cepheid variable stars.
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1900-1979) was the first Harvard astronomy Ph. D. Her thesis laid all of the theoretical groundwork to assign physical temperatures to stars based on their spectral lines.
Beatrice M. Tinsley (1941-1981)
S. Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Nancy Boggess
Margaret Burbidge
France Cordova
Sandra Faber
Margaret Geller
Margherita Hack
Elanor Helin
Roberta Humphreys
Christine Jones
Catherine Pilachowski
Mercedes Richards
Sally Ride
Nancy Roman
Vera Rubin
Carolyn Shoemaker
Jill Tartar
Jacqueline van Gorkum
Sidney C. Wolff